Industrial wastewater management at local level : a case study of two industrial estates in Yangon, Myanmar | |
| Author | Aung May Oo |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.UE-00-11 |
| Subject(s) | Factory and trade waste--Environmental aspects--Myanmar--Yangon Pollution--Environmental aspects--Myanmar--Yangon |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, School of Environment, Resources and Development |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Abstract | The study aims at introducing pollution control measures for industrial wastewater into the industrial estates developed by the Department of Human Settlement and Housing Development located within Yangon City boundary. These measures are based on theoretical knowledge as well as practical experience on the application of regulatory instruments, economic instruments and suasive measures. The study focuses on two industrial estates (Hlaingthayar & Shwepyitha) to assess the existing infrastructure conditions and seriousness of the pollution in order to point out internal situations (within the study area) that need to be improved. The study reviews the present legal and institutional framework for industrial wastewater pollution control in Myanmar to compare with other countries' practices in order to highlight external actions that need to be modified. Here, external actions mean the legal instruments and responsible institutions for pollution control at industrial estate level. The country studies are patterned on a format of legal framework, institutional framework, effluent standards, permitting systems, and monitoring and enforcement. According to these studies, it can be seen that the United States Environment Protection Agency - the example of an environmental agency of a developed country - carry out all the tasks that fulfill the requirements for implementing pollution control at all levels. In case of Thailand, the National Environment Board - the example of an environmental agency of a developing country - has to share the duties of pollution control to other ministries and agencies in order to implement pollution control measures at both national and local (industrial estate) levels. In Myanmar, in terms of legal provision, the city-level law (basic requirement to promulgate standards, rules, and regulations for controlling pollution in the industrial estates) already does exist though specific standards and detail regulations that can cope with the pollution problem are not in place yet. The National Commission for Environmental Affairs can not perform satisfactorily the tasks on industrial pollution control. It needs to collaborate with other relevant agencies. Neither the Pollution Control & Cleansing Department, (PCCD) - which resembles with Publicly Owned Treatment Works in US - nor the Department of Human Settlement and Housing Development, (DHSHD) - which resembles with Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand - provides services for industrial wastewater collection, treatment and disposal in the industrial estates. The coordination between PCCD and DHSHD is essential for implementing pollution control measures at industrial estate level according to their current roles and responsibilities (i.e., PCCD as a service provider and DHSHD as a developer of the study area). They also need technical assistance that can be obtained from the Department of Regional Industrial Coordination & Inspection and the Myanmar Scientific & Technological Research Department. Finally, a local level program (Industrial Estate Pollution Control Program - IEPCP) for pollution control purpose in the industrial estates (the study area) is proposed. The program is mainly based on regulatory measures such as permitting and licensing, inspection, and enforcement, though economic measures such as user charges, low interest loans, and tax incentives are also employed. The objectives, organizational structure, and components of the program are presented together with the supporting framework needed for developing the program and the preparatory measures to be undertaken for implementing the program. |
| Year | 2001 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Development and Sustainability (DDS) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Urban Environmental and Management (UE) |
| Chairperson(s) | Amin, A.T.M. Nurul |
| Examination Committee(s) | Zimmermann, Willi ;Nguyen Cong Thanh |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2001 |