| Abstract | Air pollution emission inventory (EI) of power generation activity (power plants, industrial sector and commercial sectors) in Phnom Penh (PNH), Cambodia was developed. Emissions considered are those from fuel consumption (combustion) in power plants and those from fuel consumption in generators used for electricity generation in industrial and commercial sectors. A survey was conducted to obtain the bottom up related activity data for emission estimation, such as actual fuel consumption, operating hours of generators, and other relevant information. Total number of collected questionnaires was 139, that comprised of all 6 power plants, 42 for industrial and 91 for commercial sectors. The data obtained from the survey were then statistically analyzed to estimate the total fuel consumption for the whole respective sector in PNH. For power plants, total emissions in tonnes per year (t/year) due to fuel consumption were CO₂: 485,389, SO₂: 6,909, NOx: 1,585, PM10: 139, CO: 94 PM2.5: 56t, NMVOC: 31, CH4: 19, BC: 6, N2O: 4, and OC: 2. For industrial generators, total emissions (t/year) due to the fuel consumption were CO₂: 56,579, NOx: 1,521, CO: 328, SO₂: 200, NMVOC: 124, PM10: 106, BC: 70, OC: 22, PM2.5: 9, CH4: 2, and N2O: 0.33. For commercial generators, total emissions (t/year) due to fuel consumption were CO₂: 3506, NOx: 94, CO: 20, SO₂: 12, NMVOC: 8, PM10: 7, PM2.5: 6, BC: 4, OC: 1.4, CH4: 0.15, and N2O: 0.02. Spatially, emissions were found higher in the Cham Cao commune where the power plants and industries are located, and the city center (tourism area) due to high emission from the commercial sector. Emission was higher in the dry months of December –May for all sectors due to intensive operating hours of power plants and generator sets due to limited electricity supply (less hydropower generation). The study on emission reduction scenarios found that the average emission reductions under scenario 1, with control device (limestone wet scrubber) implemented for power plants and fuel quality improvement (lower sulphur content to meet the government standards for DO and HFO, respectively) for generators in industrial and commercial sectors, were 5-91% for different pollutants. Under scenario 2, with additional measures implemented for reduction of fuel consumption for generator use in industrial and commercial sectors, the emission reductions would be higher, i.e. 24-91% for different pollutants. Further studies should focus on a more detail analysis of emission uncertainty. The obtained emission database in this study should be compiled with the emission database developed for others sources and the resulting emission data should be used in a dispersion modelling study. |
