Development of a community based low cost domestic wastewater system for Kandahar City, Afghanistan | |
| Author | Ehsas, Ahmad Fawad |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.EV-13-01 |
| Subject(s) | Sewage--Purification--Afghanistan Sanitatiion--Afghanistan |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Environmental Engineering and Management |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Series Statement | Thesis ; no. EV-13-01 |
| Abstract | The purpose of this study was to review the current sanitation practices and segregation of wastewater, moreover development of low cost appropriate wastewater treatment system for district 9, Kandahar city. Hundred questionnaires survey was conducted as primary data collection and thirteen government and International offices were visited for secondary data collection. In addition grey and black water segregation was conducted in two households to find out the amount of grey and black water generation. Down flow Hanging Sponge (DHS) system was constructed at (AIT), the system was run with synthetic wastewater and three operation runs with different Organic Loading Rates (OLRs) including 0.29 kg COD/m³d, 0.65 kg COD/m³d and 4.8 kg COD/m³d. This current study results revealed that there was neither municipality water supply system nor any wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), as well as 79% of district 9, Kandahar city residents recommended water supply as priority source for sanitation improvement. Disposal system usage consisted 69%, 16% and 16% septic tank, simple pit and septic tank together with simple pit system accordingly. Diarrhea 73% and typhoid/malaria 18% were the high percentage diseases, moreover 62% and 23% residents were visiting doctor once a month and once in two months accordingly. DHS results revealed that the effluent removal efficiencies at OLR 0.29 kg COD/m³d for TSS, COD, BOD5, TKN, Ammonia and Total Coliform were 78.3%, 54.7%, 57.5%, 81%, 90.5 and 47.6% accordingly, the effluent efficiencies at OLR 0.65 kg COD/m³d were 97%, 76% 90.6%, 81.3%, 100% and 55.5% accordingly and the effluent removal efficiencies at OLR 4.8 kg COD/m³d were 58.4%, 56, 76,5%, 51.4%, 83.3% and 84.5% accordingly. The effluent qualities at OLR 0.29 kg COD/m³d and 0.65 kg COD/m³d met the agriculture reuse standards except for Total Coliform; on the other hand the effluent qualities at OLR 4.8 kg COD/m³d for TSS, COD, BOD5 and Total Coliform did not meet the agriculture reuse standards. |
| Year | 2013 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Environmental Engineering and Management (EV) |
| Chairperson(s) | Visvanathan, C.; |
| Examination Committee(s) | Annachhatre, Ajit P.;Shipin, Oleg V.; |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA);Loy Kandahar Reconstruction Organization (LKRO), Afghanis;Asian Institute of Technology Fellowship; |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2013 |